1.) Large hard drive of the same model and a small one:
1. Higher data density
Larger hard drives have more data per square inch on the platters (disks). This allows the read head to capture more data in one pass, increasing read and write speeds.
2. More platters and read/write heads
Larger hard drives often have multiple platters (disks) and read/write heads. Because data is stored on multiple platters in parallel, it can be read and written more quickly.
3. Cache size
Some larger hard drive models have more cache memory, which can speed up data transfer because frequently used data can be read from the cache more quickly.
4. Optimized firmware
In larger models, the firmware may be optimized to handle the larger amounts of data more efficiently, which can lead to better performance.
5. More space for wear leveling
(in SSDs): In larger SSDs, there are more memory cells that can be used evenly, resulting in longer durability and better performance because fewer cells are written to frequently.
These factors combine to lead to better overall performance in larger hard drives of the same model.
2.) To further improve the performance of a hard drive (HDD or SSD):
Here is a series of measures:
1. Defragment the hard drive (only for HDDs)
- Fragmented files on an HDD lead to longer access times. Regular defragmentation rearranges the file parts, improving read and write speeds. In Windows, you can use the built-in defragmentation tool.
2. SSD optimization (for SSDs)
- Enable TRIM command
The TRIM command helps to free up unused data blocks on the SSD, which improves the write speed and longevity of the SSD. Make sure that TRIM is enabled in Windows (this can be done via the command line with the command fsutil behavior query DisableDeleteNotify ).
- Firmware updates
Update the SSD's firmware to benefit from the latest improvements and bug fixes from the manufacturer.
3. Increase cache size
- Many hard drives (HDDs and SSDs) have a cache that stores frequently used data. Some models offer options to expand the cache or work with external solutions such as RAM disks to enable particularly fast access.
4. Remove unnecessary files and programs
- Remove unnecessary programs and files from the hard drive to free up more storage space. A hard drive that is up to 80-90% full becomes slower because the operating system has to search longer for free memory blocks.
- Disable unnecessary startup programs and background processes that access the hard disk to minimize read and write requests. You can adjust this in the Windows Task Manager under "Startup".
6. Check SATA mode (for HDDs and SSDs)
- Make sure the hard drive is running in AHCI
(Advanced Host Controller Interface) mode, as this offers better performance on modern SSDs and HDDs than the older IDE mode. This can be checked in the BIOS/UEFI.
- Switching from an HDD to an SSD is one of the most effective ways to increase performance. SSDs offer significantly faster read and write speeds compared to HDDs.
8. Offload external drives
- If you have large amounts of data on your hard drive, you may consider using external hard drives or network attached storage (NAS) to offload frequently used files from the internal hard drive and reduce the load on the system hard drive.
9. System Maintenance (Windows)
- Delete temporary files
Use the built-in Windows Disk Cleanup wizard or a tool like CCleaner to delete temporary files and cache data.
- Delete thumbnails and caches
This helps reduce file access times, especially if you work with a lot of image or video files.
10. Adjust Virtual Memory (paging file)
- When the RAM is full, Windows uses the virtual memory (the paging file) on the hard disk. The size of the paging file can be adjusted manually to improve performance. You can move the paging file to a separate SSD or hard disk.
- By increasing the random access memory (RAM), the computer can store more data in the fast memory and access the hard disk less. This improves overall performance, especially for programs with high memory requirements.
12. Disk benchmarking and performance monitoring
- Use tools like IsMyHdOK or CrystalDiskMark to regularly monitor read and write speeds and ensure that no hardware problems occur.
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You dont want to wait to long for the test results, to see if your HDD properly works on MS Windows 12, 11, 10 ect. and Server OS AND: Too many tests may
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